Lipoxygenase (ALOX) pathway of eicosanoid metabolism and its relevance in inflammation. Nomenclature: Simplified scheme of polyenioic fatty acid metabolism via the lipoxygenase (ALOX) pathway, leading to the formation of anti- and pro-inflammatory mediators. Common abbreviations are bold, followed by the common trivial names (if available) and (if available) by the name in accordance to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC): ω-3-PUFAs N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; ALA α-linolenic acid, (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid; ETA eicosatetraenoic acid, all-cis-8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid; EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosa- 5,8,11,14,17-pentenoic acid; DPA docosapentaenoic acid, 7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid; DHA docosahexaenoic acid, (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid; ω-6-PUFAs N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid; LA linoleic acid, cis, cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid; DGLA dihomo gamma-linolenic acid, (8Z,11Z,14Z)-8,11,14-Icosatrienoic acid; AA archidonic acid, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid; DTA docosatetranoic acid, (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid; BDPA osbond acid, (All-Z)-4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid; ALOX lipoxygenase, arachidonate lipoxygenase; ALOX15 15-lipoxygenase, 15-LOX, 15-LOX-1, arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase; ALOX15B 15-lipoxygenase type II, 15-LOX-2, arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type B; ALOX12 12-lipoxygenase, 12-LOX, 12S-LOX, arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase 12S type; ALOX5 5- lipoxygenase, 5-LOX, arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase; 17-HpDHA 17S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid; 17-HDHA 17S-hydroxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid; RvD1 resolvin D1, (4Z,7S,8R,9E,11E,13Z,15E,17S,19Z)-7,8,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,9,11,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid; RvD2 resolvin D2, (4Z,7S,8E,10Z,12E,14E,16R,17S,19Z)-7,16,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,8,10,12,14,19-hexaenoic acid; RvD3 resolvin D3, (4S,5E,7E,9E,13Z,15E,17R,19Z)-4,11,17-trihydroxydocosa-5,7,9,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid; RvD4 resolvin D4, (4S,6E,8E,10E,13E,15Z,17S,19Z)-4,5,17-trihydroxydocosa-6,8,10,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid; RvD5 resolvin D5, (5Z,7S,8E,10Z,13Z,15E,17S,19Z)-7,17-dihydroxydocosa-5,8,10,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid; RvD6 resolvin D6, (4S,5E,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,17S,19Z)-4,17-dihydroxydocosa-5,7,10,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid; NPD1 neuroprotectin D1, protectin D1, (4Z,7Z,10R,11E,13E,15Z,17S,19Z)-10,17-dihydroxydocosa-4,7,11,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid; 14-HpDHA 14-hydro(peroxy)-docosahexaenoic acid, 4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E)-nonadeca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaenyl]dioxete-3-carboxylic acid; MaR1 maresin 1, (4Z,7R,8E,10E,12Z,14S,16Z,19Z)-7,14-dihydroxydocosa-4,8,10,12,16,19-hexaenoic acid; 15-HpETE 15-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoic acid; 15S/R-HETE 15S-HETE (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoic acid; 15(R)-HETE lacks a bit of the activity attributed to their S stereoisomers of 15(S)-HETE; 15S-epoxy-tetraene 5,6-15S-HETE, 4-[(2S,3S)-3-[(1E,3E,5Z,7E,9S)-9-hydroxytetradeca-1,3,5,7-tetraenyl]oxiran-2-yl]butanoic acid; 15R-epoxy-tetraene lacks a bit of the activity attributed to their S stereoisomers of 15S-epoxy-tetraene; LXA4 lipoxin A4, (5S,6R,7E,9E,11Z,13E,15S)-5,6,15-trihydroxyicosa-7,9,11,13-tetraenoic acid; LXB4 lipoxin B4, (5S,6E,8Z,10E,12E,14R,15S)-5,14,15-trihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,12-tetraenoic acid; 15-epi-LXA4 (5R,6R,7E,9E,11Z,13E,15R)-5,6,15-trihydroxyicosa-7,9,11,13-tetraenoic acid; 12-HpETE 12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid; 12-HETE (5E,8Z,10Z,14Z)-12-hydroxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid; 5-HpETE (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroperoxyicosa-6,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; 15-HETE (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-15-hydroxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoic acid; 5-oxo-ETE (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-5-oxoicosa-6,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; LTA4 leukotriene A4, 4-[(2S,3S)-3-[(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)-tetradeca-1,3,5,8-tetraenyl]oxiran-2-yl]butanoic acid; LTC4 leukotriene C4, (5S,6R,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-6-[(2R)-2-[[(4S)-4-amino-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-(carboxymethylamino)-3-oxopropyl]sulfanyl-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid; LTD4 leukotriene D4, (5S,6R,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-6-[(2R)-2-amino-3-(carboxymethylamino)-3-oxopropyl]sulfanyl-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid; LTE4 leukotriene E4, (5S,6R,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-6-[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid; LTB4 leukotriene B4, (5S,6Z,8E,10E,12R,14Z)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid.