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Table 1

Nodal points of a standardized laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the surgical training center in Tübingen; substeps in italics were excluded due to the design features of the box trainer and to increase the efficiency of the study process.

  1. Inserting the trocars under visual control

  2. Retracting the liver

  3. Performing the V-shaped preparation close to the gallbladder

  4. Achieving the “Critical View of Safety”

  5. Clipping and dissecting the cystic duct

  6. Clipping and dissecting the cystic artery

  7. Removing the gallbladder from the gallbladder bed

  8. Retrieving the gallbladder using a retrieval bag

  9. Ensuring hemostasis and checking the applied clips

  10. Retracting the trocars under visual control and wound closure

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