Table 1
Nodal points of a standardized laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the surgical training center in Tübingen; substeps in italics were excluded due to the design features of the box trainer and to increase the efficiency of the study process.
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Inserting the trocars under visual control
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Retracting the liver
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Performing the V-shaped preparation close to the gallbladder
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Achieving the “Critical View of Safety”
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Clipping and dissecting the cystic duct
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Clipping and dissecting the cystic artery
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Removing the gallbladder from the gallbladder bed
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Retrieving the gallbladder using a retrieval bag
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Ensuring hemostasis and checking the applied clips
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Retracting the trocars under visual control and wound closure
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