Table 1
Summary of relevance of ΔE1, ΔE2, and ΔE3 in CdSe and ZnS NPs.
| Host | Dopant (Ln3+) | ΔE1 [E (VB)–E (Ln3+ Ground Energy Level) [Hole trapping] | ΔE2 [E (CB)–E (Ln3+ Luminescent Energy Level) [Electron trapping] | ΔE3 [E (CB)–E (Ln2+ Ground Energy Level) [Alternate excitation pathway through involvement of Ln2+ ground energy level] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CdSe/ZnS | Pr3+ | Marginally not suitable | Marginally suitable | Not suitable |
| CdSe/ZnS | Nd3+ | Not suitable | Not suitable | Not suitable |
| CdSe/ZnS | Sm3+ | Not suitable | Not suitable | Suitable |
| CdSe/ZnS | Eu3+ | Not suitable | Not suitable | Suitable |
| CdSe/ZnS | Tb3+ | Suitable | Suitable | Not suitable |
| CdSe/ZnS | Dy3+ | Not suitable | Not suitable | Not suitable |
| CdSe/ZnS | Ho3+ | Not suitable | Not suitable | Not suitable |
| CdSe/ZnS | Er3+ | Not suitable | Not suitable | Not suitable |
| CdSe/ZnS | Tm3+ | Not suitable | Marginally suitable | Marginally suitable |
| CdSe/ZnS | Yb3+ | Not suitable | Not suitable | Suitable, better in ZnS [5240 cm−1 in CdSe/Yb and 13,710 cm−1 in ZnS/Yb] |