Research Article

Collective biological computation in metabolic economy

¹ University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Physiology, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
² University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
³ Medical University of Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, 1090 Vienna, Austria
⁴ Alma Mater Europaea – European Center Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia

^* Corresponding authors: dean.korosak@um.si, marjan.slakrupnik@meduniwien.ac.at

Received: 19 December 2022
Accepted: 10 February 2023

Abstract

Presented with sensory challenges, living cells employ extensive noisy, fluctuating signaling and communication among themselves to compute a physiologically proper response. Using coupled stochastic oscillators model, we propose that biological computation mechanism undertaken by insulin secreting beta-cells consists of a combination of dual intracellular Ca²⁺ release processes to ensure multilayered exploration contributing to enhanced robustness and sensitivity. The computational output is macroscopically observed as disorder-order phase transition in a collective beta-cell response to increases in nutrient concentrations. Our own experimental data and analogies from previously described examples of biological computation suggest that the initial limited response to nutrients may be followed by an adaptive phase to expand the sensory spectrum and consolidate memory.