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All issues Volume 3 (2020) 4open, 3 (2020) 10 Full HTML
Open Access
Issue
4open
Volume 3, 2020
Article Number 10
Number of page(s) 8
Section Mathematics - Applied Mathematics
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/fopen/2020008
Published online 28 August 2020

© T. Chilachava and G. Pochkhua, Published by EDP Sciences, 2020

Licence Creative CommonsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Introduction

One of the most sought-after directions of applied mathematics is mathematical modeling. To understand various complex, mostly nonlinear processes taking place in nature, in sky bodies, in the social sphere, their mathematical modeling is necessary. For more or less real description of processes it is necessary to take into account their describing basic characteristics and correctly set the corresponding mathematical problems. Mathematical modeling of physical processes involves the model adequacy, which is validated by Newton’s non-relative five laws of classical mechanics: mass conservation law; law of conservation of impulse; the law of conservation the momentum of impulse; the first law of thermodynamics, i.e. energy conservation law; the second law of thermodynamics, i.e. entropy conservation law [1–14].

Creation of mathematical models is more original in social sphere, because, they are more difficult to substantiate. We created a new direction of mathematical modeling, i.e. “Mathematical Modeling of Information Warfare” [15–17]. In these models two antagonistic sides waging with each other information warfare and also the third peacekeeping side trying to extinguish information warfare reconsidered. Conditions on model parameters at which the third side will be able to force the conflicted sides to completion of information warfare are found.

We also offered mathematical models of forecasting the results of political elections in case of two or three parties. Also models in case of change of selective subjects before the next elections have been considered [18–22].

We proposed to create new nonlinear mathematical models of economic cooperation between two politically (not military opposition) mutually warring sides (two countries or a country and its legal region) which consider economic or other type of cooperation between different parts of population aimed to the peaceful resolution of conflicts [23–29].

Taking into consideration the important tendencies in the world, it is important to study demographic and assimilation of social processes through mathematical modeling [30–32].

In [33] we considered a new nonlinear continuous mathematical model of linguistic globalization. Two categories of the world’s population are considered: a category that hinders and a category leading to the dominant position of the English language. With a positive demographic factor of the population, which prevents globalization or a negative demographic factor of the population contributing to globalization, it is shown that the dynamic systems describing these processes allow the existence of two topologically not equivalent phase portraits (a stable node, a limit cycle). It is known that, in the world, a social process of assimilation of languages is hidden. This process, as a rule, considers expansion of an area of the dominating languages (state languages of economically powerful states) at the expenses of less widespread languages (state languages economically of rather weak states). According to this point of view, today, for less widespread languages (including classic languages) the conditions under which there will be no disappearance of the major languages are important, i.e. there will be no full assimilation of people talking in these languages.

In a preceding article [34] a new nonlinear mathematical model of process of three level assimilation which is described by four-dimensional dynamic systems has been studied. In case of constancy of coefficients, special points of the dynamic system have been found. The conditions on constant coefficients for which it is possible to find special points with all four coordinates non-negative have been determined. Introducing some dependence among coefficients of the system, two first integrals have been derived, and the four-dimensional system has been reduced to a two-dimensional one. The sign-variable divergence theorem of a two-dimensional vector field in some one-coherent area of the first quadrant of the phase plane has been proved. According to Bendixon’s criterion it was shown that it is possible to have a closed integral curve completely lying in this area.

General mathematical model of two-level assimilation

System of the equations

Consider the social process of two-level assimilation, when in one large region the population speaking the most common language assimilates both the population speaking the second fairly common language and the population speaking the third less common language (small range of language distribution). In turn, the population speaking the second language, which is quite common, assimilates the population speaking the less common third language. Thus, the population speaking the third less common language is in a situation of bilateral assimilation.

We assume that the process of assimilation develops due to numerous direct or remote (electronic communication) mutual meetings between representatives of the population, who consider one of these three languages to be their native language.

The social process of two-level assimilation, which takes into account the quadratic terms of self-limiting population growth, is described by the following nonlinear dynamic system

{ d u d t = α 1 ( t ) u - δ 1 ( t ) u 2 + β 1 ( t ) uv + β 2 ( t ) uw d v d t = α 2 ( t ) v - δ 2 ( t ) v 2 - β 3 ( t ) uv + β 4 ( t ) vw d w d t = α 3 ( t ) w - δ 3 ( t ) w 2 - β 5 ( t ) uw - β 6 ( t ) vw , $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}t}={\alpha }_1(t)u-{\delta }_1(t){u}^2+{\beta }_1(t){uv}+{\beta }_2(t){uw}\\ \frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t}={\alpha }_2(t)v-{\delta }_2(t){v}^2-{\beta }_3(t){uv}+{\beta }_4(t){vw}\\ \frac{\mathrm{d}w}{\mathrm{d}t}={\alpha }_3(t)w-{\delta }_3(t){w}^2-{\beta }_5(t){uw}-{\beta }_6(t){vw}\end{array}\right., $$(1)

with initial conditions:

u ( 0 ) = u 0 ,   v ( 0 ) = v 0 ,     w ( 0 ) = w 0 , $$ u(0)={u}_0,\hspace{1em}v(0)={v}_0,\hspace{1em}\enspace {w}(0)={w}_0, $$(2)

u ,   v ,   w   ∈ C 1 [ 0 , T ] , α i ( t ) , β j ( t ) , δ i ( t ) ∈ C [ 0 , T ] ,   i = 1,3 ̅ ,   j = 1,6 ̅ , $$ \begin{array}{c}u,\enspace {v},\enspace {w}\enspace \in {C}^1\left[0,T\right],\\ {\alpha }_i(t),{\beta }_j(t),{\delta }_i(t)\in C[0,T],\enspace {i}=\overline{\mathrm{1,3}},\enspace {j}=\overline{\mathrm{1,6}},\end{array} $$

where

  • [0, T] – the period of consideration of this model (for various cases, the period can reach several decades),

  • u(t) – at a given time t the number of people living in the same region (possibly the continent) who consider their native language in this region to be the most common language (dominant language),

  • v(t) – at a given time t the number of people living in the same region who consider their native language to be another common language in this region,

  • w(t) – at a given time t the number of people living in a small part (in a small area) of the same region who only in this part of the region consider the common language to be their native language,

  • β 1(t), β 3(t) – assimilation rates of the population speaking the second sufficiently spoken language by the population speaking the most spoken language,

  • β 2(t), β 5(t) – assimilation rates of the population speaking a third less spoken language by the population speaking the most spoken language,

  • β 4(t), β 6(t) – assimilation rates of a population speaking a third less spoken language by a population speaking a second sufficiently spoken language,

  • α 1(t), α 2(t), α 3(t) – natural change rates of populations speaking the first, second and third languages respectively (variable demographic factors),

  • δ 1(t), δ 2(t), δ 3(t) – self-limiting factors of population growth speaking the first, second and third languages respectively.

Scenario of development of two-level assimilation process is given in Figure 1.

thumbnail Figure 1

Development of two-level assimilation process.

It is natural to assume that assimilation coefficients and growth self-constraints are positive continuous functions at the time of model consideration:

β i ( t ) > 0 ,     i = 1,6 ̅ ,     t ∈ [ 0 , T ] , $$ {\beta }_i(t)>0,\hspace{1em}\enspace {i}=\overline{\mathrm{1,6}},\hspace{1em}\enspace {t}\in \left[0,T\right], $$(3)

δ j ( t ) > 0 ,   j = 1,3 ̅ . $$ {\delta }_j(t)>0,\enspace {j}=\overline{\mathrm{1,3}}. $$

The non-triviality of the two-level assimilation process (when the assimilation result is not initially predicted) leads to inequality:

α 3 ( t ) > 0 ,   t ∈ [ 0 , T ] . $$ {\alpha }_3(t)>0,\enspace {t}\in \left[0,T\right]. $$(4)

The first integral of a nonlinear system of differential equations

Second order surfaces in phase space

Consider the particular case where all model coefficients are

β i ( t ) = β i = const > 0 ,   i = 1,6 ̅ ,   t ∈ [ 0 , T ] , α 1 ( t ) = α 1 = const ,   α 2 ( t ) = α 2 = const ,   α 3 ( t ) = α 3 = const > 0 , δ 1 ( t ) = δ 1 = const > 0 ,   δ 2 ( t ) = δ 2 = const > 0 ,   δ 3 ( t ) = δ 3 = const > 0 . $$ \begin{array}{c}{\beta }_i(t)={\beta }_i=\mathrm{const}>0,\enspace {i}=\overline{\mathrm{1,6}},\enspace {t}\in [0,T],\\ {\alpha }_1(t)={\alpha }_1=\mathrm{const},\hspace{0.5em}{\alpha }_2(t)={\alpha }_2=\mathrm{const},\hspace{0.5em}{\alpha }_3(t)={\alpha }_3=\mathrm{const}>0,\\ {\delta }_1(t)={\delta }_1=\mathrm{const}>0,\hspace{0.5em}{\delta }_2(t)={\delta }_2=\mathrm{const}>0,\hspace{0.5em}{\delta }_3(t)={\delta }_3=\mathrm{const}>0.\end{array} $$(5)

Taking into account (5) the system of equations (1) becomes

{ d u d t = α 1 u - δ 1 u 2 + β 1 uv + β 2 uw d v d t = α 2 v - δ 2 v 2 - β 3 uv + β 4 vw d w d t = α 3 w - δ 3 w 2 - β 5 uw - β 6 vw . $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}t}={\alpha }_1u-{\delta }_1{u}^2+{\beta }_1{uv}+{\beta }_2{uw}\\ \frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t}={\alpha }_2v-{\delta }_2{v}^2-{\beta }_3{uv}+{\beta }_4{vw}\\ \frac{\mathrm{d}w}{\mathrm{d}t}={\alpha }_3w-{\delta }_3{w}^2-{\beta }_5{uw}-{\beta }_6{vw}\end{array}\right.. $$(6)

Find the first integral of the system of nonlinear differential equations (6) to lower the order of the system, i.e. from a three-dimensional system go to a two-dimensional one.

The dynamic system (6) shall be written in the following form

{ 1 u du dt = α 1 - δ 1 u + β 1 v + β 2 w 1 v dv dt = α 2 - δ 2 v - β 3 u + β 4 w 1 w dw dt = α 3 - δ 3 w - β 5 u - β 6 v , $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{1}{u}\frac{{du}}{{dt}}={\alpha }_1-{\delta }_1u+{\beta }_1v+{\beta }_2w\\ \frac{1}{v}\frac{{dv}}{{dt}}={\alpha }_2-{\delta }_2v-{\beta }_3u+{\beta }_4w\\ \frac{1}{w}\frac{{dw}}{{dt}}={\alpha }_3-{\delta }_3w-{\beta }_5u-{\beta }_6v\end{array}\right., $$(7)

The second equation of the system (7) is multiplied by (−2) and we add all three equations (the first and third equations are unchanged)

1 u d u d t - 2 1 v d v d t + 1 w d w d t = ( α 1 - 2 α 2 + α 3 ) - ( δ 1 + β 5 - 2 β 3 ) u + ( β 1 - β 6 + 2 δ 2 ) v + ( β 2 - δ 3 - 2 β 4 ) w . $$ \begin{array}{c}\frac{1}{u}\frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}t}-2\frac{1}{v}\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t}+\frac{1}{w}\frac{\mathrm{d}w}{\mathrm{d}t}=\left({\alpha }_1-2{\alpha }_2+{\alpha }_3\right)-\left({\delta }_1+{\beta }_5-2{\beta }_3\right)u\\ +\left({\beta }_1-{\beta }_6+2{\delta }_2\right)v+\left({\beta }_2-{\delta }_3-2{\beta }_4\right)w.\end{array} $$(8)

We will require the following conditions (four conditions system) are satisfied on the model factors

{ α 1 - 2 α 2 + α 3 = 0 δ 1 + β 5 - 2 β 3 = 0 β 1 - β 6 + 2 δ 2 = 0 β 2 - δ 3 - 2 β 4 = 0 $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}{\alpha }_1-2{\alpha }_2+{\alpha }_3=0\\ {\delta }_1+{\beta }_5-2{\beta }_3=0\\ {\beta }_1-{\beta }_6+2{\delta }_2=0\\ {\beta }_2-{\delta }_3-2{\beta }_4=0\end{array}\right. $$(9)

or

{ α 3 = 2 α 2 - α 1 > 0 δ 1 = 2 β 3 - β 5 > 0 δ 2 = β 6 - β 1 2 > 0 δ 3 = β 2 - 2 β 4 > 0 . $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}{\alpha }_3=2{\alpha }_2-{\alpha }_1>0\\ {\delta }_1=2{\beta }_3-{\beta }_5>0\\ {\delta }_2=\frac{{\beta }_6-{\beta }_1}{2}>0\\ {\delta }_3={\beta }_2-2{\beta }_4>0\end{array}\right.. $$(10)

Note that the system (10) is consistent and must meet the inequalities (3), (4).

Taking into account the imposed conditions (9) on the coefficients of the model (8), (5) we get the first integral of the dynamic system

uw = p v 2 ,     p = u 0 w 0 v 0 2   . $$ {uw}=p{v}^2,\hspace{1em}\enspace {p}=\frac{{u}_0{w}_0}{{v}_0^2}\enspace. $$(11)

The first integral (11) in the phase space of solutions (O, u, v, w) represents a cone.

Taking into account (11), three-dimensional dynamic system (6) can be reduced to the following two-dimensional nonlinear dynamic system

{ d u d t = α 1 u - δ 1 u 2 + β 1 uv + β 2 p v 2 d v d t = α 2 v - δ 2 v 2 - β 3 uv + β 4 p v 3 u , $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}t}={\alpha }_1u-{\delta }_1{u}^2+{\beta }_1{uv}+{\beta }_2p{v}^2\\ \frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t}={\alpha }_2v-{\delta }_2{v}^2-{\beta }_3{uv}+{\beta }_4\frac{p{v}^3}{u}\end{array}\right., $$(12)

u ( 0 ) = u 0 ,     v ( 0 ) = v 0 . $$ u(0)={u}_0,\enspace \hspace{1em}v(0)={v}_0. $$

We will find non-zero (non-trivial) special points of the system (12)

{ α 1 u - δ 1 u 2 + β 1 uv + β 2 p v 2 = 0 α 2 v - δ 2 v 2 - β 3 uv + β 4 p v 3 u = 0 $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}{\alpha }_1u-{\delta }_1{u}^2+{\beta }_1{uv}+{\beta }_2p{v}^2=0\\ {\alpha }_2v-{\delta }_2{v}^2-{\beta }_3{uv}+{\beta }_4\frac{p{v}^3}{u}=0\end{array}\right. $$(13)

Or

{ α 1 u - δ 1 u 2 + β 1 uv + β 2 p v 2 = 0 α 2 u - δ 2 vu - β 3 u 2 + β 4 p v 2 = 0   . $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}{\alpha }_1u-{\delta }_1{u}^2+{\beta }_1{uv}+{\beta }_2p{v}^2=0\\ {\alpha }_2u-{\delta }_2{vu}-{\beta }_3{u}^2+{\beta }_4p{v}^2=0\end{array}\right.\enspace. $$(14)

Let’s consider a special case

{ α 1 + α 2 = 0 β 1 = δ 2   . $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}{\alpha }_1+{\alpha }_2=0\\ {\beta }_1={\delta }_2\end{array}\right.\enspace. $$(15)

Then from (10), (15) we get

α 3 = 3 α 2 > 0 ,     α 1 = - α 2 < 0 , sign α 3 = sign α 2 = - sign α 1 . $$ \begin{array}{c}{\alpha }_3=3{\alpha }_2>0,\enspace \hspace{1em}{\alpha }_1=-{\alpha }_2 < 0,\\ \mathrm{sign}{\alpha }_3=\mathrm{sign}{\alpha }_2=-\mathrm{sign}{\alpha }_1.\end{array} $$(16)

Taking into account (15), the solution of the system of nonlinear algebraic equations (14) will take the following form

{ u = qv v = α 2 q δ 2 q + β 3 q 2 - β 4 p   , $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}u={qv}\\ v=\frac{{\alpha }_2q}{{\delta }_2q+{\beta }_3{q}^2-{\beta }_4p}\end{array}\enspace \right., $$(17)

where

q = p ( β 2 + β 4 ) δ 1 + β 3 , $$ q=\sqrt{\frac{p({\beta }_2+{\beta }_4)}{{\delta }_1+{\beta }_3}}, $$

δ 2 q + β 3 q 2 - β 4 p = δ 2 q + p β 3 ( β 2 - 2 β 4 ) + p β 5 β 4 δ 1 + β 3 = δ 2 q + p ( β 3 δ 3 + β 5 β 4 ) δ 1 + β 3 = s > 0 . $$ {\delta }_2q+{\beta }_3{q}^2-{\beta }_4p={\delta }_2q+\frac{p{\beta }_3\left({\beta }_2-2{\beta }_4\right)+p{\beta }_5{\beta }_4}{{\delta }_1+{\beta }_3}={\delta }_2q+\frac{p\left({\beta }_3{\delta }_3+{\beta }_5{\beta }_4\right)}{{\delta }_1+{\beta }_3}=s>0. $$(18)

Thus, in the first quarter of the phase plane (O, u(t), v(t)), the special point M(u *, v *) with non-zero coordinates will take the form

{ u * = α 2 q 2 s v * = α 2 q s . $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}{u}_{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\alpha }_2{q}^2}{s}\\ {v}_{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\alpha }_2q}{s}\end{array}.\right. $$(19)

We put, by definition:

{ F 1 ( u , v ) = α 1 u - δ 1 u 2 + β 1 uv + β 2 p v 2 F 2 ( u , v ) = α 2 v - δ 2 v 2 - β 3 uv + β 4 p v 3 u , $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}{F}_1(u,v)={\alpha }_1u-{\delta }_1{u}^2+{\beta }_1{uv}+{\beta }_2p{v}^2\\ {F}_2(u,v)={\alpha }_2v-{\delta }_2{v}^2-{\beta }_3{uv}+{\beta }_4\frac{p{v}^3}{u}\end{array}\right., $$(20)

Then the system of equations (12) will be written in vector form

{ d Λ ⃗ d t =   F ⃗ ,     F ⃗ ( F 1 , F 2 ) ,     Λ ⃗ ( u , v ) , $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{\mathrm{d}\overrightarrow{\mathrm{\Lambda }}}{\mathrm{d}t}=\enspace \vec{F},\enspace \hspace{1em}\vec{F}\left({F}_1,{F}_2\right),\hspace{1em}\enspace \overrightarrow{\mathrm{\Lambda }}\left(u,v\right)\end{array},\right. $$(21)

u ( 0 ) = u 0 ,     v ( 0 ) = v 0 . $$ u(0)={u}_0,\enspace \hspace{1em}v(0)={v}_0. $$

Theorem 1. The task (21) in some one-coherent area D ⊂ (O, u(t), v(t)) the first quarter of the phase plane (O, u(t), v(t)) has the decision in the form of the closed trajectory which completely lies in this area.

Proof. From (20), taking into account (21), you can get

∂ F 1 ( u , v ) ∂ u = α 1 - 2 δ 1 u + β 1 v , $$ \frac{\partial {F}_1(u,v)}{{\partial u}}={\alpha }_1-2{\delta }_1u+{\beta }_1v, $$(22)

∂ F 2 ( u , v ) ∂ v = α 2 - 2 δ 2 v - β 3 u + 3 p β 4 v 2 u   . $$ \frac{\partial {F}_2(u,v)}{{\partial v}}={\alpha }_2-2{\delta }_2v-{\beta }_3u+3p{\beta }_4\frac{{v}^2}{u}\enspace. $$

Taking into account (22) divergence of vector field F ⃗ ( F 1 , F 2 ) $ \vec{F}\left({F}_1,{F}_2\right)$ will register in the following look

div F ⃗ = ∂ F 1 ( u , v ) ∂ u + ∂ F 2 ( u , v ) ∂ v = ( α 1 + α 2 ) - ( 2 δ 1 + β 3 ) u + ( β 1 - 2 δ 2 ) v + 3 p β 4 v 2 u   . $$ \mathrm{div}\vec{F}=\frac{\partial {F}_1(u,v)}{{\partial u}}+\frac{\partial {F}_2(u,v)}{{\partial v}}=\left({\alpha }_1+{\alpha }_2\right)-\left(2{\delta }_1+{\beta }_3\right)u+\left({\beta }_1-2{\delta }_2\right)v+3p{\beta }_4\frac{{v}^2}{u}\enspace. $$(23)

Taking into account (15), equation (23) takes the form

div F ⃗ ≡ G ( u , v ) = - ( 2 δ 1 + β 3 ) u - β 1 v + 3 p β 4 v 2 u   . $$ \mathrm{div}\vec{F}\equiv G\left(u,v\right)=-\left(2{\delta }_1+{\beta }_3\right)u-{\beta }_1v+3p{\beta }_4\frac{{v}^2}{u}\enspace. $$(24)

In the phase plane (O, u(t), v(t)), consider a curve where the divergence of the vector field is zero.

According to (24), this curve verifies the equation

G ( u , v ) = 0 $$ G\left(u,v\right)=0 $$(25)

or

3 p β 4 ( v u ) 2 - β 1 ( v u ) - ( 2 δ 1 + β 3 ) = 0 , $$ 3p{\beta }_4{\left(\frac{v}{u}\right)}^2-{\beta }_1\left(\frac{v}{u}\right)-\left(2{\delta }_1+{\beta }_3\right)=0, $$

whose solutions have two determinations, which identify two straight lines

v u = β 1 + β 1 2 + 12 β 4 p ( 2 δ 1 + β 3 ) 6 β 4 p > 0 , $$ \frac{v}{u}=\frac{{\beta }_1+\sqrt{{\beta }_1^2+12{\beta }_4p\left(2{\delta }_1+{\beta }_3\right)}}{6{\beta }_4p}>0, $$(26)

v u = β 1 - β 1 2 + 12 β 4 p ( 2 δ 1 + β 3 ) 6 β 4 p < 0 . $$ \frac{v}{u}=\frac{{\beta }_1-\sqrt{{\beta }_1^2+12{\beta }_4p\left(2{\delta }_1+{\beta }_3\right)}}{6{\beta }_4p} < 0. $$

Note here that second straight line does not satisfy model condition, i.e. physical meaning of u(t), v(t) functions.

Accordingly, by (26), there is only one semi-straight plane in the first quarter of the phase plane (O, u(t), v(t))

{ v u = β 1 + β 1 2 + 12 β 4 p ( 2 δ 1 + β 3 ) 6 β 4 p > 0 v > 0 u > 0 , $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{v}{u}=\frac{{\beta }_1+\sqrt{{\beta }_1^2+12{\beta }_4p\left(2{\delta }_1+{\beta }_3\right)}}{6{\beta }_4p}>0\\ v>0\\ u>0\end{array},\right. $$(27)

where the divergence of the vector field is zero.

At that, if equality to model parameters is performed

β 1 + β 1 2 + 12 β 4 p ( 2 δ 1 + β 3 ) 6 β 4 p = δ 1 + β 3 p ( β 2 + β 4 )   , $$ \frac{{\beta }_1+\sqrt{{\beta }_1^2+12{\beta }_4p\left(2{\delta }_1+{\beta }_3\right)}}{6{\beta }_4p}=\sqrt{\frac{{\delta }_1+{\beta }_3}{p\left({\beta }_2+{\beta }_4\right)}\enspace }, $$(28)

then the special point M(u *, v *) (19) lies on the semi-straight (27).

It is clear, that G(u,v), divergence (24) of the vector field F ⃗ ( F 1 , F 2 ) $ \vec{F}\left({F}_1,{F}_2\right)$, in some one-coherent area making physical sense to the first quarter of the phase plane (O, u(t), v(t)) changes its sign (Fig. 2). Note here that single-link area comprises semi-straight section with zero divergence of vector field and, according to Bendixon criterion, there exists closed system trajectory in said area (21) [35, 36]. The theorem is proved.

thumbnail Figure 2

Qualitative picture of the behavior of divergence of the vector field in the first quarter of the phase plane of solutions.

Conclusion

Thus according to (24), (27) in the phase plane (O, u, v) there exists a one-coherent area where the divergence G(u; v) of the vector field F ⃗ ( F 1 , F 2 ) $ \vec{F}\left({F}_1,{F}_2\right)$ changes its sign and, according to the Bendixon criterion, in this area there exists a closed integral curve, where (u(t) ≠ 0, v(t) ≠ 0).

In this case, according to (11), the values of the function w(t) do not vanish anywhere, which indicates that under these conditions there is no complete assimilation of the third side.

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Cite this article as: Chilachava T & Pochkhua G 2020. Research of a three-dimensional nonlinear dynamic system describing the process of two-level assimilation. 4open, 3, 10

All Figures

thumbnail Figure 1

Development of two-level assimilation process.
In the text
thumbnail Figure 2

Qualitative picture of the behavior of divergence of the vector field in the first quarter of the phase plane of solutions.
In the text

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